LCD is a display that uses liquid crystal as material. Liquid crystal is a kind of organic compound between solid state and liquid state. Under normal temperature conditions, it exhibits both the fluidity of liquid and the optical anisotropy of crystal. It will become a transparent liquid when heated, and will become crystalline after cooling. turbid solid.
Under the action of the electric field, the liquid crystal molecules will change in arrangement, which will affect the change in the intensity of the incident light beam passing through the liquid crystal. Accordingly, by controlling the electric field of the liquid crystal, the light and dark changes of the light can be realized, so as to achieve the purpose of information display. Therefore, the liquid crystal material acts like a small "light valve".
Because there are control circuits and driving circuits around the liquid crystal material. When the electrodes in the LCD generate an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules will be twisted, so that the light passing through it will be refracted regularly (the optical rotation of the liquid crystal material), and then filtered by the second layer of polarizers and displayed on the screen.
It is worth pointing out that because the liquid crystal material itself does not emit light, LCD usually needs to configure an additional light source for the display panel. The main light source system is called a "backlight module". Light, its role is mainly to provide a uniform backlight.
Monochrome display
LCD technology is to pour liquid crystal between two planes with thin grooves. The grooves in these two planes are perpendicular to each other (intersecting at 90 degrees). That is, if the molecules on one plane are aligned north-south, then the molecules on the other plane are aligned east-west, and the molecules located between the two planes are forced into a state of 90-degree twist. Since the light travels along the direction of the arrangement of the molecules, the light is also twisted by 90 degrees as it passes through the liquid crystal. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules will rotate, changing the light transmittance, thereby realizing multi-grayscale display
LCDs usually consist of two polarizers that are perpendicular to each other. The polarizer acts like a fence, blocking light wave components as required. For example, the light wave component perpendicular to the polarizer fence is blocked, and only the light wave component parallel to the fence is allowed to pass. Natural light is scattered randomly in all directions. Two polarizers, perpendicular to each other, should normally block all natural light trying to penetrate. However, since the two polarizers are filled with twisted liquid crystals, after the light passes through the first polarizer, it will be twisted 90 degrees by the liquid crystal molecules, and finally pass through the second polarizer.
